There are three functional components guiding the theory of operation of this device. They are the moisture sensors, temperature sensors, relative humidity sensors and gravity tank and pump sensor, which is input  to processor to output.

The moisture sensor is to sense and measure the level of moisture in the soil as water is supplied to the plants. The temperature sensor is to sense the screenhouse temperature with respect to the environment temperature and as well regulate it to plant requirement. The relative humidity sensor also senses the relative humidity of the entire screenhouse and regulate it to the requirement of the crop cultivated in the greenhouse. Combination of the moisture, temperature and relative humidity sensors were connected to a programmable Arduino IDE software was that receive, translate and interpret signals of these sensors as required by the crops cultivated. It is designed to determine when water is low at the tank, pump the water and as well based on signals received from the soil, discharge water to the screenhouse. It can also regulate the temperature when high or low and send signals to the through a beeper sound to get the attention of the screenhouse operator and also send message to phones if there is an emergency.

the device is powered with an AA battery which makes it portable and handy to use on field. The battery is connected and powered on automatically. The device was then positioned at a point close to the laterals of the irrigation pipes and the moisture probe inserted into the soil. The temperature sensors and relative humidity senses the varying parameters inside the screenhouse and display them on the LCD.

The Development of a digital control and monitoring device for screen house farming system aims to revolutionize the agricultural industry through developing an advanced system to enhance the management of controlled agricultural environment. A device that monitors and control environmental variables like temperature, relative humidity, and moisture content within the screen house was developed from local materials. A programmable Arduino IDE software was used to connect the sensors of temperature, relative humidity and moisture content. Tests conducted for 10 days at NAERLS screenhouse shows an average temperature, relative humidity and moisture content of 26.8 ^oC, 67.8% and 78.4% respectively. These values were verified with literatures of crop requirements within Zaria agro-ecological belts. The device has the potential to significantly increase crop yields, reduce resources usage, and contribute to the nation food security.