Innovation: The mean concentrations of Mn, Cd, Cu, Fe, Cr, Zn, Ni, Pb, and Co sampled were 0.097µg/m3, 0.015µg/m3, 0.254 µg/m3, 0.314 µg/m3, 1.027 µg/m3, 0.000 µg/m3, 0.076 µg/m3, 0.106 µg/m3 and 0.169 µg/m3, respectively. The blood lead assay analysis revealed that; 54 % had B-Pb levels above 80µg/dL; 33% had B-Pb levels of between 40µg/dL and 80µg/dL; 8% had B-Pb levels between 25µg/dL and 40 µg/dL; 4% had B-Pb levels between 10 µg/dL and 25 µg/dL, 4% had B-Pb levels below 10µg/dL while 15% had B-Pb levels below 10µg/dL.

Sector/Industry Application: Health and environment

Description: SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSAL In developing countries, especially in rural areas, 2.5 billion people rely on biomass, such as fuelwood, charcoal, agricultural waste and animal dung, to meet their energy needs for cooking. In Nigeria, there is an elevated use of biomass fuel in meeting household energy need. This is because household use of biomass in developing countries alone accounts for almost 7% of world primary energy demand. This has become so in Nigeria due to the energy crisis occasioned by epileptic and insufficient electricity supply and the cost of deploying other modern alternative sources such as solar energy. While a precise breakdown is difficult, the main use of energy in households in developing countries is for cooking, followed by heating and lighting. However, this has often come with huge environmental and health challenges to household that are frequently exposed to emissions from these biomass fuels either indoors or outdoors. Nigeria is endowed with several solid fuels that can be sourced locally to meet her huge energy needs. These include but not limited to: rice husks, palm kernel chaff, saw dust, charcoal, fuel wood. Several of these have not been quantify to obtain their pollution levels and derive a profile in respect of their environmental friendliness. A preliminary sampling was carried out in selected public kitchens in Jos, Plateau State-Nigeria by Anjorin et al., 2022 to assess markers of indoor air quality such as CO, SO2, H2S, PM2.5 and PM10 selected public kitchens over a period of four months by a set of active sampling devices. This research only investigated levels of emissions from fuel woods and few charcoal sources. It has become necessary to ascertain levels of pollution in-situ, air quality index and health impacts of emissions from other locally sourced biomass fuels available in Nigeria using more effectively designed stoves. The procedures deployed by Anjorin et al., 2022 will also be adopted in this work for other biomass sources. Additionally, respective emission factors of these fuels will be determined.

Problem: Determining the locally biomass fuels with the least emission case scenario indoor and evaluation of their respective emission factors of the selected biomass fuels under various stove designs